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Frotteurism involves intense, recurrent fantasies of, and/or actual touching and rubbing the genitalia against a non-consenting person, in association with sexual arousal. The behavior usually occurs in crowded places, and the individual usually fantasizes an exclusive, caring relationship with the victim. However, the person generally tries to escape detection after touching the victim. By definition, there is significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning. Main disorder characteristics are:
- Repeatedly for at least 6 months, the patient has intense sexual desires, fantasies or behaviors that involve touching and rubbing against a person who doesn't consent to this behavior.
- This causes clinically important distress or impairs work, social or personal functioning.
Associated Features:
Most perpetrators are aged 15-25 years.
Frotteurism has been noted to be equally common among older, shy, inhibited individuals.
Differential Diagnosis:
Some disorders have similar or even the same symptoms. The clinician, therefore, in his/her diagnostic attempt has to differentiate against the following disorders which need to be ruled out to establish a precise diagnosis.
Mental Retardation
Substance Intoxication
Manic Episode
Schizophrenia
Cause:
Most acts of frottage occur when the person is between 15 to 25 years of age, and declines thereafter.
Treatment:
The treatment of paraphilias in general may involve the use of medications and/or behavioral therapy.
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NOUN: A person who engages in the sexual act of frottage or someone who masturbates by rubbing against another person (as in a crowd)
ETYMOLOGY: French, from frotter, to rub. "Frotteurism" derives from a French word of unknown origin, frotter, which means to rub, chafe, stroke, or caress. One who performs the activity is a "froterer" or "frotteur." The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III R, 1987), defines frotteurism (also called "touchism") as the continuing sexual arousal and fantasies brought about by rubbing against or touching a fully clothed, nonconsenting person. The touching may be directed toward a particular body part or may be a more general caress. The activity is usually performed by a young male toward a female, and it usually occurs under crowded conditions (e.g., on a bus, in a subway, or on a crowded walkway).
Frotteurism is often performed in conjunction with other paraphilias (e.g., voyeurism, exhibitionism, or rape). The froterer may visualize having an affectional relationship with the object of his attention but feels a strong need to get away before his activity is discovered. The person being touched is rarely harmed and usually considers the attention a minor annoyance. More broadly defined, frotteurism is the rubbing of any part of the body with another part of the body or some other, perhaps inanimate, object In this context, frotteurism is often incorporated into masturbation, either of oneself or of someone else. It is not uncommon for a woman to rub her clitoris with her finger or to experience sexual feelings when she rubs her thighs together.
She may do this while performing household functions, such as sitting at a sewing machine or ironing. Men, women, and children have been observed to rub their genital areas against a cushion, pillow, chair, or other furniture. Crossing the legs to bring thigh pressure to the sexual regions of the body has been used for sexual stimulation, often accompanied by swinging a leg or foot to increase the friction. Particular parts of the body are sometimes requested to be used to stimulate the genitalia: for example, a foot fetishist may request that the froterer use the feet to rub his erect penis before orgasm can occur. Frotteurism is often used by young people to achieve sexual release without the fear of getting pregnant.
A girl will rub the genital area of her boyfriend until he reaches orgasm. He will return the favor. Since this rubbing often takes place through the clothing of the boy or girl, there is no penetration and thus no fear of pregnancy. An individual may also rub the genitals of a member of his or her own sex in a homosexual context. A man may rub his penis against the buttocks of a partner, or two men may rub their penises together through their clothing to achieve orgasm.
Because there is no direct exposure of the penis and no anal or oral contact with the penis, some men use this method of homosexual expression to enable each participant to retain the perception of his "masculinity." Homosexual men sometimes stuff a pillow into a pair of jeans or other masculine clothing and achieve orgasm by rubbing their penis on the clothing. In the age of AIDS, some homosexual men are using these methods as a means of assuring safe sex. When two women rub their genital areas together, either through clothing or when naked, the action is called tribadism and lesbians are sometimes called tribades for this reason.
The number of offenders with diagnosable paraphilias other than paedophilia was quite low, although there were some significant differences between offender subtypes. Indiscriminate offenders (13.3%) were more likely than either extrafamilial (3.4%) or intrafamilial offenders (3.8%) to have engaged in exhibitionism (exposing genitals to a stranger). Indiscriminate offenders (16.7%) were also more likely than extrafamilial (8.6%) or intrafamilial offenders (6.4%) to have engaged in frotteurism (rubbing sexually against strangers). Apart from exhibitionism (5.4%), frotteurism (9.0%) and voyeurism (5.4%), fewer than five per cent of offenders could have been diagnosed with a paraphilia other than paedophilia.
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